Description
Total length of the course: 4+ hours
Although cyber operations do not happen in a legal vacuum, the rules that govern them are contested, incomplete, and often misunderstood. In this course, explore the humanitarian consequences of modern cybercrime and state-sponsored disruption, the international legal frameworks that apply to cyber operations in peacetime and armed conflict, and the emerging domain of cognitive warfare, where the target is not systems but minds.
Content details
The humanitarian consequences of cyber operations "as-a-service"
Introduction
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Background to the “as-a-Service” model
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Crimeware “as-a-Service” (CaaS)
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Ransomware “as-a-Service” (RaaS)
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Hacktivism “as-a-Service” (HaaS)
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“As-a-Service” model – advantages and risks
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“As-a-Service” model – humanitarian consequences
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The humanitarian consequences of cyber operations in conflict
Introduction
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State-sponsored cyber operations
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Disruptive & destructive cyber operations
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Spread of harmful information
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Civilianization of digital conflict
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Hacktivism-as-a-service in armed conflicts
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Conclusion: humanitarian consequences
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International law and cyber operations in peacetime
Introduction
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Applying international law to “cyberspace”
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Treaties and customary international law
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International law and norms
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Sovereignty and cyberspace
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What about espionage?
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Due diligence in cyberspace
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Due diligence: when is it violated?
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Non-intervention in cyberspace
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State responsibility
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Attribution
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Countermeasures
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Necessity
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Conclusion
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International law and cyber operations: use of force and armed conflict
Introduction
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Overview of the applicable legal framework
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Use of force and self-defence in the cyber context
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What is a cyber use of force?
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Exceptions to prohibition on use of force
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The right to use (cyber) force in self-defence
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Cyber operations during armed conflict
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The protection challenge
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The civilianisation trend
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Direct participation in hostilities: three criteria
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The humanitarian consequences of cognitive warfare
Introduction
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Five areas of transformation
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Cognitive warfare / cognitive superiority
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Defence mechanisms
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Additional information
References
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